The initial boundary conditions in the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM) include
The East Coast boundary conditions include
There is no historical data on the North/Western boundary conditions so SFWMM uses the same head across the boundary implying no ground water or overland flows
In the South West boundary conditions force the head gradient to be the same as the land surface elevation gradient, i.e. uniform flow. The Everglades National Park representative noted that the tidal chart for Flamingo Harbor at the mouth of Shark River indicates that in one month cycle the harbor can have 4 ft. tides, therefore using this condition may not adequately model the Everglades National Park region.
Historical data is unavailable for the Western Basin Structural Inflows boundary conditions for the structures G-88, G-89, G-155 and G-136 for the complete coverage of the 1965-1990 SFWMM simulation period. Estimates are based on Levee L3 historical measurements
The Kissimmee Basin Inflows to the Lake at S65E for the current base use historical data, but for future base will use Creams-Wt model simulated flows. An alterantive would be to use the Upper Kissimmee Chain of Lakes Model.
The SFWMM groundwater boundary conditions along the Atlantic Ocean is constant head of 0.0 ft mean sea level (msl) which is equivalent to 0.4 ft National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) along the Atlantic Ocean. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Central and Southern Florida Project assumes a mean bay stage (0.0 ft msl) of 0.3 ft NGVD Tidal patterns periodically repeat with identtifiable astronomical frequencies, known as tidal harmonics. The periodic tide that coincides with the angular position of the sun and moon is the astronomical tide. The astronomical tide is observed over long periods of time to factor out the meteorological influences and accumulate longer period changes, e.g. lunar fortnight (13.66 days), lunar monthly (27.55) and solar semiannual (91.31 days).
The District DBHYDRO Database contains hydrologic and climatologic information collected from District monitoring stations, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Geological Surve and private sources, but does not contain long period records of tide data. Daily readings of the high high tide (THH) and low low tide (TLL) collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from five stations in South Florida were averaged to compute mean daily readings over four to ten years, providing a average mean daily tidal stage for each station. U.S. Geological Survey tide stations are Stuart, Riviera Beach, Hillsboro, Golden Beach, Card Sound. The SFWMM boundary conditions for the eastern perimeter cells are linear interpolations between the average mean daily tidal stage values associated with these five stations. Southern boundary values are extrapolated from the linear projection between the Intercoastal Waterway at Golden Beach and the Card Sound at Model Land Canal NR Florida City.
A study comparing runs of SFWMM with constant head and with seasonally varying tidal head suggested refining the boundary condition to a daily mean historical tide would not produce significant changes in the major hydrologic components with the exception of the Dade County coastal region. In 1993 it was suggested that in the future enhancements of SFWMM, a data set of historic tide boundary conditions can be created using daily tidal readings collected at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Oceanic Service (NOS) monitoring stations in South Florida. Use of daily mean historical tide boundary conditions may affect the overland flow and structure flow algorithms for the coastal boundary cells. Currently the SFWMM does not use the NOAA and NOS historical data. The 19 years of record could include all the harmonics of the tide.
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